Hymenoptera parasitoids collected in southern of Gois and western of Minas Gerais, Brazil

T he fauna of parasitoids which are responsible for the natural control of these dipterous develops. Among the main natural enemies of insects pest are the parasitoids from the Braconidae, Chalcididae, Pteromalidae, Encyrtidae, Figitidae and other families. T he objective of this study was to verify the families of parasitoids in forest areas in western of Minas Gerais and southern of Goiás Brazil. T he material was collected using yellow pan traps and Malaise traps from February to October of 2002. T he most collected families in both places were: Ichneumonidae and Braconidae.


Introduction Introduction
T he fauna of parasitoids which are responsible for the natural control of these dipterous develops. Among the main natural enemies of insects pest are the parasitoids from the Braconidae, Chalcididae, Pteromalidae, Encyrtidae, Figitidae and other families.
Since parasitoids occupy a superior trophic level, they act as determining factors on the population densities of their hosts due to the diversity of their physiological and behavioral adaptations (Gauld and Bolton, 1988). Besides, being natural enemies of pests they may be used in biological control programs (Marchiori et al., 2002;Perioto and Lara, 2003;Palmas-Santos and Perez-Maluf, 2012).
Among the order Hymenoptera parasitoids are the group with the greatest species richness, so much so that Eggleton (1990) emphasized that their diversity is so great that Qeios, CC-BY 4.0 · Article, November 20, 2019 Qeios ID: 068699 · https://doi.org/10.32388/068699 1/5 the need for basic collections has preceded ecological observations. Insects are considered to be parasitoids if the carnivorous larvae develop by feeding on other arthropods, the so-called hosts (Clausen, 1940). Such occurrences are only found among holometabolous insects, thus suggesting that this is a more recent living habit (Gauld and Bolton, 1988).
T he objective of this study was to investigate the families of the Hymenoptera parasitoids collected in areas of native forest, using Malaise traps and yellow buckets in western Minas Gerais and southern Goiás. southern Goiás. T he number of individuals obtained in the western Minas Gerais was higher than in southern Goiás, although the collection methods were the same. Factors such as the quality and availability of resources, the host density, size and floristic composition of the sampled fragment may influence these results. T he most abundant families were Ichneumonidae with 4562 and Braconidae with 2532 (T able 1).
T he Ichneumonidae was the most frequent family collected in the yellow pan traps. Also, in the Malaise traps, the family Ichneumonidae was the most frequently found. T he vast majority of Ichneumonidae are parasitoids of holometabolous insects and spiders (Hanson and Gauld, 1995). T his was probably due to its parasitizing efficiency: its species are parasitoids on eggs, larvae, pupae or imagos of other insects (Scatolini and Penteado-Dias, 1997) T he superfamily Chalcidoidea presented the highest diversity of families (10 families) in both trap types (T able 1). It was not possible to compare the of quantity of species collected by the two types of traps due to in number of traps used. Although it was observed that the Malaise traps presented durability problems when exposed to sunlight, rain and wind for being made of a more fragile material (cloth).
T hese problems did not occur when the yellow pan traps were used. T hus, it is possible to conclude that Malaise are more efficient than yellow pan traps in sampling this group of parasitoids. Greathead (1986) listed 393 species of parasitoids used in biological control of which 344 (87.0%) programs are Hymenoptera. T hanks to them has been achieved great savings in pest control programs (Greathead, 1986;Hanson and Gauld, 1995).
Malaise traps have been indicated for the capture of insects of the orders Hymenoptera, Diptera and T hysanoptera (Segade et al., 1997;Campos et al., 2000). Noyes (1989) working with yellow pan traps found that these traps are important in collecting specimens of some families of Hymenoptera of the parasitic series. Since these parasitoids are natural enemies of insect pests, the feasibility of their use as biological control agents on the fig is an encouraging possibility (Marchiori et al., 2002;Perioto and Lara, 2003;Palmas-Santos and Perez-Maluf, 2012).
T he faunal survey of arthropods in today preserved areas is of great importance for you to serve as a parameter for comparison between areas modified by human actions Qeios, CC-BY 4.0 · Article, November 20, 2019 Qeios ID: 068699 · https://doi.org/10.32388/068699 3/5 (Scatolini and Penteado-Dias, 2003).

Conclusion Conclusion
T he Ichneumonidae was the most frequent family collected in the yellow pan traps.
Also, in the Malaise traps, the family Ichneumonidae was the most frequently found.
T he superfamily Chalcidoidea presented the highest diversity of families in both trap types.