Mutual

as the


as shown below:
This verse is taken from Surat -Al-baqra. Regarding diacritics, there are some letters which have no diacritics over their syllabic structures. More clearly, both number (1) and (2) identify certain segments which are free from any diacritics. These forms are called free diacritical patterns. In addition, the mono-transitive verb /jɑqʊːl/ identifies the 3rd person singular through the proclitic /jɑ-/. Proclitics are initial clitics which identify morphological and syntactic features; however, final clitics are known as enclitics (Albuhayri, 2013

2) Statement of the Problem
The HQ recitation is a recurrent process among a lot of Muslims all over the world. The HQ is characterized by certain phonological processes which are known as Tajweed (Albuhayri 2013). These phonological processes, generated by the presence of FDPs in certain position, are ruled by specific morphological and syntactic patterns. All segments are liable to be assigned to assimilation processes when being allocated in the FDPs' position. Diacritical forms rule the phonemic shape either by fronting or lowering tongue; however, FDPs position means phonemic assimilation. Some certain phonemes are specified to coronal voicing assimilations. Accordingly, there is integration between morphology and syntax with reference to coronal voicing assimilations although the HQ is not submitted to linguistic rules.

3) Limitations of the Study
The current research is constricted to a morphological syntactic analysis on coronal voicing assimilations pertaining to the HQ. Although assimilation is divided into progressive and regressive, the current research sheds light upon regressive assimilation. In addition, the current research covers the FDPs which are orientated to /d/ and /t/. Accordingly, the current research is pertinent to specifying the FDPs according to /d/ and /t/ in the position of coda -C syllabic typologies. A morphological syntactic overview is clarified with reference to the verbal inflectional system in the HQ, preceded by the fixed particle "laqad".
Verbal inflectional categories are represented in mood, tense, aspect, and voice (Alfozan, 1989). This combinatorial morphological syntactic form contributes to dictating and facilitating the mutual voicing assimilations of the coronals /t/ and /d/. In addition, the Subject + Verb + Object and Verb + Object clausal structures are the two categories allocated within the current research. Some verses are taken from the HQ as specific patterns to show the influence of morphology and syntax upon mutual voicing assimilation of the coronals /t/ and /d/.

4) Research Objectives and Questions
The study aims to demonstrate the following points:  To show the influence of the fixed particle /qɑd/ in the imperfective and perfective form.  To highlight the verbal syntactic role upon coronal assimilations.
The study tries to answer the following questions:  What is the role of the fixed particle "qɑd" of voicing assimilation?  How are/t/ and /d/ assimilated in the perfective form?

5) Previous Studies Related to the Current Research
This section sheds light on authors who are interested in dealing with morphology, phonology, or syntax. Al-Hashimi (2004) investigates a phonological analysis on the nasal /n/ assimilation according to its four assimilatory patterns (Basfar, 2001) of using Prince and Smolensky (1993) Optimality Theory (OT) framework; there are two types of constraints: markedness and faithfulness.

‫احملمكة‬ ‫العلمية‬ ‫اجملةل‬
Markedness constraints are constraints associated with the well-formed structures of language; nonetheless, faithfulness constraints demonstrate similarity degrees between the stem (input) and the possible limitless outputs. The study adopts Kurisu's (2001) realization of morpheme theory (RMT) application to Tajweed to show the relationship between the morphological forms and the phonological categories. The study reveals that correspondence theory is highly ranked over markedness constraints owing to similarities between the Input-output. The study concludes that MAX-μ(T), Phary.Gem, and ṽ(N)ʕ outrank RMT.
Al sharif and Sadler (2009) conduct a morpho-syntactic analysis on the influence of the five negation particles namely "lä", "lan", "lam", "mä", and "laysa" which affect Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) sentential structures. The study adopts an LFG approach which stands for lexicalfunctional grammatical approach through the framework of Benmamoun's (2000) and Shlonsky's (1997) Minimalist Theory. Data are collected through seven contrasted structures: affirmative and negative. The study reveals that "lam", "laa", and "lan" show some distinctions of TENSE occurring only with the imperfect form of verbal system while "maa" and "laysa" are more related to the determination of the syntactic categories of their postnominal functions as the subject. The study concludes that the jussive mood works more with "lam" whereas "lan" is specified through the indicative mood. Further, the negative particle "laysa" has the ability to be procliticized to express the SUBJ syntactic agreement; in addition, it is deemed to be verb in the meantime.

‫احملمكة‬ ‫العلمية‬ ‫اجملةل‬
To conclude, these former researches contribute to providing a lot of linguistic patterns to interlink the morphosyntax with phonology.

6) The HQ's Phonological System
The HQ's phonemic system is categorized into vowels and consonants. According to Hassig (2011), the HQ includes six vowels three short and three long vowels represented in /i/, /ɑ/, /ʊ/, /iː/, /ɑː/, and /ʊː/. There are six vowels three of which are long whereas the other three vowels are short. The three short vowels are /i/, /ɑ/, and /ʊ/; however, /iː/, /ɑː/, and /ʊː/ are long. Moreover, he states that the HQ is also featured by the presence of the diphthongs /ɑʊ/ and /ɑi/. In terms of consonants, Hassig (2011) points out that consonants are described according to the manner of articulation, the place of articulation, and voicing.

7) The HQ's Syllabic Structures
According to Gadoua (2000), the HQ syllabic typologies are restricted to five syllables as shown hereby: Gadoua (2000), it is explicit that the HQ prevent branching onsets. However, two final [-CC] consonants are allowed in CVCC. In other words, complex codas are allowed in the HQ.

8) The HQ's Morphological Syntactic System
The HQ's morphological system is associated with POS which is pertinent to noun, verb, and particle. In accordance with verb, the inflectional categories are detected below:

 Tense
In Arabic, verb has tri-distinctive forms with regard to past, present, and imperative. According to Haywood and Nahmad, (1965), perfective and imperfective tenses are the two main tenses in Arabic. However, Wright (1967) discusses the two basic Arabic tenses in addition to their occurrence in some diverse forms. Both the present and the past tenses are formerly discussed; nonetheless, the future tense is structured through adding the enclitic sa-/sɑ-/ or sawfa /sɑʊfɑ/ which follows the syllabic structures of Benmamoun (2000) points out that the HQ is characterized by the compound perfective tense which indicates a progressive action.

 Mood Marking
According to Mahfoudhi (2002), verbs coincide with nouns in the HQ. Whereas nouns are monitored for case, verbs are morphologically marked for mood. Clearly, verbs display agreement with their subjects; in addition, they demonstrate morphological distinctions of tense. Morphologically, traditional Arab grammarians assume that verbs are to be inflected by certain morphological markers such as nouns with the aim of denoting certain grammatical conditions. The exploration of these markers is completely governed by verb tense. Marantz (1995) draws a lot of distinctions between the uninflected and the inflected forms. The past tense of verbs is uninflected; it is restricted to one form which shows mood distinction. However, the imperfective verbal forms are inflected; they are inflected through diverse morphological endings to monitor mood (Bohas, 1990;Plunkett, 1993). In terms of Holes (1995), there are four different moods. Furthermore, the use of certain mood is specified by its verbal structure. There are four verbal moods: indicative, subjunctive, jussive, and imperative.
However, the jussive mood is concerned with negation especially the negative particle "lam" (Fassi Fehri, 1993). The jussive mood diacritics are expressed through sokoon which means that there are no vowels at the end; in other words, it ends with a consonantal phoneme (Ryding, 2005). Accordingly, it is featured by the non-existence of proclitics. That is, no proclitic is to be added to the verb after the final consonant. More clearly, the jussive mood lacks both short vowels /-ʊ/ and /-ɑ/.
In terms of the indicative mood, it is realized through final /-nɑ/or /ni/ since the subject is a pronominal clitic; however, both the subjective and jussive moods are identified through the absence of /-nɑ/ or /-ni/. To clarify, the presence of "lam" /lɑm/, before the 3rd person plural masculine, indicates the long /ʊː/. As for the imperative mood, it occurs when the verb expresses command. Further, imperative mood is only restricted to the 2nd person either singular or plural.

 Voice
Voice in the HQ is divided into active and passive (Ryding, 2005). In the HQ, the passive voice is a fundamental morphological process. Further, both the past and present verbal forms, in Arabic, are transformed into passive through turning the form of vowels (Fassi Fehri, 1993). The vowel following the initial consonant is transformed into the short /-ʊ/ in accordance with both forms. The one, preceding the final consonant, is turned into the short /-i/ with reference to the perfective form and the short /-ɑ/ in the imperfective form.

9) Morphological syntactic Agreement (Word order)
In the HQ, the unmarked word order is the VSO. According to Fassi Fehri (1993), the VSO is pragmaticallyneutralized sentences which are the common word order existent in the HQ. This structure requires few derivatives and interpretative mechanisms. Furthermore, the HQ allows alternative syntax; that is to say, the HQ allows SVO and VO. Accordingly, in the HQ, the structures of the VSO, SVO, and VO are existent.
In accordance with the HQ, verb is to figure out partial impoverished agreement when it is allocated before the subject "post-verbal subject". However, full agreement is shown when the subject is allocated after the verb "preverbal subject" (Mohammad, 2000). When a preverbal position is to be occupied by a full NP subject, it is pertained to a resumptive pronoun which is attached to the lexical verb; in other words, it seems to be a proclitic to the verb. Thereby, clitics can be analyzed as a subject (Hassan, 1961, Ouhalla, 1997; however, the preverbal NP is realized to be a TOPIC or FOCUS. Bolotin (1995) and Benmamoun (2000a) treat the resumptive pronoun as a marker of number "clitic"; nevertheless, the pre-verbal NP is a real subject (Fasi Fehri, 2004).
The HQ's morphological system, which is associated with the case marking, avails for the HQ to have a high rank of word order freedom (Mohanmmad, 2000). Furthermore, the agreement is said to include some implications of syntactic variation due to verbal-subject agreement. According to Mohammad (2000), syntactic features remain restricted when some case-marking is suppressed. Therefore, the ‫احملمكة‬ ‫العلمية‬ ‫اجملةل‬ -‫داب‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫لكية‬ -‫يس‬ ‫السو‬ ‫جامعة‬ -‫ال‬ ‫العدد‬ ‫سادس‬ ‫العرشون‬ ‫و‬ -‫ي‬ ‫ناير‬ 3 202 53 variation of word order is a reflection of diverse syntactically-specified movements or internal merge in accordance with Chomsky (2000Chomsky ( , 2001.

10) Methodologies
The current research analyzes voicing assimilation of the coronals /t/ and /d/ within the HQ. Since voicing assimilations are found in verbal contexts, there is requirement of verbal inflectional categories. Some verses are chosen from Mushaf Al Madinah as the content of the required data. Furthermore, there is FDPs identification from /t/ to /d/ and /d/ to /t/ in mutual contexts of codas and onsets as the trigger and the target. The researcher makes a list of some verses within Mushaf Al-Madinah. There is an employment of observation method. Tracing the FDPs, it is explicit that both coronals are recurrent within imperfective and perfective forms. Furthermore, the syntactic structures of Verb + Subject + Object and Verb + Object are required to illustrate the process of mutual voicing assimilations of the coronals /t/ and /d/.

11) Data Analysis
According to Ladefoged (2000), coronals are phonemes which are pronounced with the tongue blade raised from its neutral region.
 Coronal Assimilation from the voiceless /t/ to the voiced /d/ It is clear that the assimilation process of the coronals /t/ to /d/ is restricted to proclitic /t/ which is represented in the past tense (perfective aspect). That is to say, it indicates the ‫داب‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫لكية‬ -‫يس‬ ‫السو‬ ‫جامعة‬ -‫ال‬ ‫العدد‬ ‫سادس‬ ‫العرشون‬ ‫و‬ -‫ي‬ ‫ناير‬ 3 202 54 nominative case with reference to the diacritic long /ʊ:/ which is demonstrated in the following context: In terms of (1), the proclitic /-t/ is attached to the verb which indicates the passive form which adopts the syntactic structure of Verb + Pro-agent (NP) in the HQ (Yaqoot, 1996). Therefore, the proclitic coronals /-t/ is motivated to be assimilated to the coronal /d-/. Furthermore, the NP is composed of two elements. The first element is the noun identifying the nominative case; however, the second element is the dependent pronoun /-kʊmɑː/ which identifies the 2nd person dual syntactically existent through the diacritic long /ɑː/ to identify duality. In terms of (2), the voicing assimilation process occurs in terms of morphological syntactic factors as shown below: Morphologically, the intransitive verb /ʔɑƟqɑlɑt / is conjugated in the perfective form via the 3rd person singular feminine through the pronominal proclitic /-t/. Further, the pronominal proclitic /-t/ is a resumptive pronoun for the NP /nɑfs/ embedded in the PP. Syntactically, the HQ is featured by discursive resumption in which pronominal clitics play an influential role (Attia, 2008). Furthermore, there are two clauses within the aforementioned structure which are ‫احملمكة‬ ‫العلمية‬ ‫اجملةل‬ -‫داب‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫لكية‬ -‫يس‬ ‫السو‬ ‫جامعة‬ -‫ال‬ ‫العدد‬ ‫سادس‬ ‫العرشون‬ ‫و‬ -‫ي‬ ‫ناير‬ 3 202 55 headed by the subordinator /lɑmmɑ/ (Aliwy, 2013). The first clause is the dependent one which is represented in the VP /ʔɑƟqɑlɑt /; however, the second one is the independent one which is covered in the VP /dɑʕɑwɑː/. The long /ɑː/ indicates a dual form which is introduced in identifies Eve and Adam.
 Coronal Assimilation from the voiced /d/ to the voiceless /t/ The voicing assimilation of /d/ to /t/ is triggered through some morphological syntactic factors as shown in the following extract: Regarding the former extracts, it is clear that the voicing assimilation of /d/ to /t/ is attained through morphological syntactic factors. In (1), (2), (3), and (4), the emphatic particle /lɑqɑd/ or /qɑd/, following CV-CVC syllabic structures, is assimilated owing to its fixed inflectional form. In other words, the coronal /t/ is located as the onset of the adjacent VPs which are classified into perfective and ‫احملمكة‬ ‫العلمية‬ ‫اجملةل‬ -‫داب‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫لكية‬ -‫يس‬ ‫السو‬ ‫جامعة‬ -‫ال‬ ‫العدد‬ ‫سادس‬ ‫العرشون‬ ‫و‬ -‫ي‬ ‫ناير‬ 3 202 56 imperfective aspect. In (1), (2), and (4), the emphatic particle is adjacent to the perfective aspect of VPs whose onsets begin with the coronal /t/. However, in (4), the coronal /t/ is existent in a VP which is syntactically divided into a di-transitive verb +a proclitic1 + a proclitic2.
With reference to (1), the emphatic particle /qɑd/, following CVC syllabic structure, is followed by the perfective aspect of the verb /tɑbɑjjɑn/ which expresses the 3rd person plural masculine with reference to the NP /Ɂɑrrʊʃdʊ/. Furthermore, the NP /Ɂɑrrʊʃdʊ/ is realized as its subject "nominative case". In terms of (2), the emphatic particle /qɑd/, following CVC syllabic structure, is followed by the imperfective aspect of the verb /tɑʕlɑmʊːn/ which expresses the 2nd person plural masculine with reference to the pronominal proclitic /-ʊːn/.
In terms of (3), the emphatic particle /lɑqɑd/, following CV-CVC syllabic structures, ends in the coronal /d/. It is motivated to be assimilated with the perfective aspect of the intransitive verb /tɑːbɑ/ which begins with the coronal /t/. Further, the intransitive verb is followed by the NP /Ɂɑllɑhʊ/ which is thought to be its subject since it ends with the [-long] /ʊ/ referring to the nominative case. In accordance with (4), the 1st proclitic expresses the 1st person plural which indicates its subject (nominative case). Furthermore, the 2nd enclitic is identified as the 3rd person singular feminine which is the 1st object (accusative case). However, the NP, /Ɂɑjɑtɑn/ is realized to be the 2nd object of the di-transitive verb /tɑrɑk/.
According to (5), the process of voicing assimilation is motivated by syntactic reasons owing to the presence of the ‫احملمكة‬ ‫العلمية‬ ‫اجملةل‬ -‫داب‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫لكية‬ -‫يس‬ ‫السو‬ ‫جامعة‬ -‫ال‬ ‫العدد‬ ‫سادس‬ ‫العرشون‬ ‫و‬ -‫ي‬ ‫ناير‬ 3 202 57 conditional conjunction /Ɂin/ followed by two clauses: dependent and independent. Both clauses are rendered in terms of two transitive verbs followed by their subjects on the form of pronominal proclitics (dependent pronouns). The 1 st VP is attached to the 2nd person plural masculine which expresses the subject of the intransitive verb. However, the 2nd clause, the independent one, includes the pronominal proclitic /-nɑː/, the 1st person plural, realized as its subject (the nominative case).
In terms of (6), the voicing assimilation process is stimulated by the presence of proclitic /-tʊm/ which denotes the 2 nd person plural masculine with reference to the imperfective form. In addition, this fixed inflectional form is the subject of the mono-transitive verb /ʕɑbɑdɑ/. Therefore, voicing assimilation is realized to be allocated within the VP which identifies a mono-transitive verb plus the subject. Thereby, the pronominal clitic pronoun contributes to forming the process of voicing assimilation.

12) Conclusion
The study concludes that mutual voicing assimilation is accomplished through morphosyntactic factors. As for morphological factors, the fixed particle "laqad" /lɑqɑd/ shows a high degree of voicing assimilation of /d/ to /t/ since it ends with /d/ either in the imperfective and perfective forms. Furthermore, the mutual voicing assimilation of the coronals /t/ and /d/ are demonstrated within the perfective form through the presence of the 3 rd person singular feminine /-t/ and the 2 nd person masculine plural /-tʊm/. Syntactically, dependent clause testifies the phonological transformations from /t/ to /d/ on being attributed to second person plural masculine in the perfective aspect.