Brachymeria podagrica (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) (Fabricius) collected in Brazil

T he study determined the species of hosts of the parasitoid Brachymeria podagrica (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) (Fabricius), in Brazil. T he pupae were obtained by the flotation method. T hey were individually placed in gelatin capsules until the emergence of adult flies or their parasitoids. T he overall percentage of parasitism was 2.3%.


1-Introduction 1-Introduction
Diptera is an optimal model to study synanthropy, not only for its ecological importance, but also by medical-veterinary aspects, as vectors of etiological agents, such as amoeba cysts, helminthes eggs, pathogenic enterobacteria, viruses and fungi (Greenberg, 1971;Seolin, et al., 2012).
Besides the chemical technique by means of insecticides for insect control, natural regulators called various pests as an alternative control these insects in agriculture and animal husbandry areas (Silveira et al., 1989) can be used. Mendes and Linhares (1993) research of new methodologies for the control of flies believe necessary.
All the representatives of Chalcididae behave as parasitoid and most attack Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera (Grissel and Schauff, 1990). T he Chalcididae are cosmopolitan insects with a high diversity in the tropics (Gauld and Bolton, 1988) including approximately 1500 species. T hey are predominantly solitary endoparasitoids (Gauld and Bolton, 1988 Calliphoridae families. Some species are of economical importance, for they attack insect pests (Gauld and Bolton, 1988;Habu, 1960).
T he objective of this study was to verify the hosts of parasitoid ipterous T he total parasitism rate observed was 16.2%. Probably due to the availability of resources, to the density of hosts and to the searching capacity of the parasitoids. T he species B. podagrica occurs almost everywhere in the world and lives associated with synanthropic and other Diptera flies emerging from their pupae (Delvare and Boucek, 1992).
T his species occurred as dipterous parasitoid, developed in rats carcasses in areas of tropical wood in the State of Goiás, Brazil. Its preferred host was Patonella intermutans (Walker) (Sarcophagidae) from where parasitoid pupae emerged, predominating female.
T omberlin and Adler (1998)  Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) was the fly that had a higher percentage of parasitism, 50.4%. Probably, the prevalence of parasitism may be influenced by variations in the quality, availability of food resources and the type of methodology used.
In relation to the hosts collected, the species C. albiceps and Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) medical-veterinary. Chrysomya albiceps is of major medical and sanitary interest, because it is responsible for secondary myiasis and is a vector for pathogenic microorganisms (Marchiori, et al., 2013).
Chrysomya megacephala is often found associated with the modified human environment with creating their larvae into an animal decomposing organic matter. T his is of great interest Diptera medical sanitary and their occurrence, distribution and prevalence in metropolitan areas are very important factors. Have been observed in human bodies and pets. Adults can be attracted by substances in the fermentation process, decomposing, blood and wounds (Bishop, 1996).
T hrough this study, knowledge of the bioecology and geographical distribution of parasitoids of dipterous insects that develop in bovine feces in Brazil has been increased.
It is known that dipterous control using insecticides usually selects resistant populations.
New methods for dipterous control are therefore needed, and one possible method for controlling these insects is to use natural enemies such as parasitoids. Such agents may be responsible for reducing the sizes of synanthropic dipterous f populations in nature.
T he emergence of resistance to insecticides justifies the growing need to implement alternative control programs, with the aim of controlling dipterous (flies) ( Marchiori, 2014;Marchiori et al., 2014).