Electrical Engineering

1. The B.S. in Electrical Engineering, accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET, Inc., is the flagship degree program and is the most challenging program in electrical engineering. This program is appropriate for highly motivated students who are interested in entering the engineering profession, and who wish for a flexible enough program to consider a variety of other career paths.

4. The fourth program is a joint B.S. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, which offers a unique blend of electrical engineering and computer science courses that retains the rigor of both fields. This degree is a popular choice for those interested in information technology careers.
The program's educational objectives prepare students for four potential paths. An academic path qualifies graduates to enter a toptier graduate program conducting research with broad applications or significant consequences, and eventually to teach at an academic or research institution. Graduates following an industrial path can enter a technical path or a managerial path. An entrepreneurial path allows graduates to bring broad knowledge to a startup company, which can deliver a product or service that meets societal needs. Graduates who elect a nontraditional engineering path might complete a professional program in business, law, or medicine, for which their engineering knowledge will be valuable.

Prerequisites
All three engineering degree programs require MATH 112 and MATH 115 if applicable, ENAS 151 or MATH 120 or higher, ENAS 130 (CPSC 100 and 112 do not fulfill this requirement), and PHYS 180, 181 or higher (PHYS 170, 171 is acceptable for the B.A. degree). Acceleration credits awarded on entrance can be used to satisfy the MATH 112 and 115 requirements. Students whose preparation exceeds the level of ENAS 151 or MATH 120 are asked to take a higher-level mathematics course instead, such as MATH 222,MATH 225,MATH 226,MATH 255,or MATH 256. Similarly, students whose preparation at entrance exceeds the level of PHYS 180, 181 are asked to take higher-level physics courses instead, such as PHYS 200, 201. Students whose programming skills exceed the level of ENAS 130 are asked to take a more advanced programming course instead, such as CPSC 201; consult with the director of undergraduate studies (DUS).
For students in the Class of 2023 and subsequent classes, prerequisites taken Credit/D/Fail may not be counted toward the requirements of the major.
2. Electrical engineering and related subjects (thirteen term courses): EENG 200,201,202,203,310,320,325,348,and  The B.S. degree in Engineering Sciences (Electrical) requires fewer specific courses and 4 fewer courses overall than the ABET-accredited degree. Any of the courses required for the ABET-accredited major qualify as electives for this degree, as well as other courses with substantial electrical engineering context, subject to the approval of the DUS. For students entering the major during the sophomore year, or those who need introductory calculus in their first year, sample schedules are similar to those described for the ABET-accredited degree program, with the differences in the B.S. Engineering Sciences (Electrical) degree applied.
The flexibility during the junior and senior years in the schedule above is oen used to accommodate a second major, such as Economics, Applied Physics, Computer Science, Physics, or Mechanical Engineering.

B.A. degree program in Engineering Sciences (Electrical)
This program is appropriate for those planning a career in fields such as business, law, or medicine where scientific and technical knowledge is likely to be useful. It requires eight technical term courses beyond the prerequisites, specifically: MATH 222, MATH 225,MATH 226 or ENAS 194;EENG 200,201,202, and 471 and/or 472 (the senior requirement); and two (or three) approved electives.
Credit/D/Fail For students in the Class of 2023 and subsequent classes, courses taken Credit/D/Fail may not be counted toward the requirements of the major, including the prerequisites.

Senior Requirement
A research or design project carried out in the senior year is required in all three programs and must be approved by the DUS. Students take EENG 471 and/or 472, or 481, present a written report, and make an oral presentation. Students taking both EENG 471 and 472, Senior Advanced Special Projects, may count one as an elective. Arrangements to undertake a project in fulfillment of the senior requirement must be made by the end of the course selection period in the term in which the student will enroll in the course; by this date, a prospectus approved by the intended faculty adviser must be submitted to the DUS.  Electrical engineering (EE) deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism, including such topics as digital computers, power engineering, telecommunications, control systems, radio-frequency engineering, signal processing, instrumentation, and microelectronics. Electrical engineers were responsible for inventing much of today's sophisticated technology, such as the Internet, land and air transportation systems, medical devices, and many other modern features of everyday life. Yale electrical engineer graduates are highly respected and sought aer for work not only in the engineering profession, but in business, start-up ventures, management consulting, investment banking, venture finance, medicine, and intellectual property law.

Advising and Approval of Programs
Four degree programs allow students to select the level of technical depth appropriate for their individual goals.
1. The B.S. in Electrical Engineering is accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET, Inc., and is the department's most intensive major program. Students are trained for engineering practice, and the curriculum culminates in a major team design project that incorporates engineering standards and realistic constraints. This program is appropriate for highly motivated students who have a strong interest in the engineering profession.
2. The B.S. in Engineering Sciences (Electrical) requires a somewhat smaller number of courses than the ABET-accredited B.S. degree, in exchange for more flexibility in course selection. This program is appropriate for students who have interest in continuing either in the engineering profession or in other postgraduate options such as graduate or professional school.
3. The B.A. in Engineering Sciences (Electrical) requires substantially fewer engineering courses. It is suitable for careers outside technology in which a student nevertheless benefits from an appreciation of electrical engineering perspectives, and it is appropriate as a second major. The director of undergraduate studies (DUS) of Electrical Engineering welcomes consultation with students about their program opportunities at any time. For more details, see the department website.

EENG 439a, Neural Networks and Learning Systems Priya Panda
Neural networks (NNs) have become all-pervasive giving us self-driving cars, Siri Voice assistants, Alexa, and much more. While deep NNs deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on many artificial intelligence tasks, it comes at the cost of high computational complexity. Accordingly, designing efficient hardware architectures for deep neural networks is an important step towards enabling the wide deployment of NNs, particularly in low-power computing platforms, such as, mobiles, embedded Internet of Things (IoT) and drones. This course aims to provide a thorough overview on deep learning techniques, while highlighting the key trends and advances toward efficient processing of deep learning in hardware systems, considering algorithm-hardware co-design techniques. Prerequisites: MATH 222 or CPSC 202, EENG 201, and knowledge of Python programming.

* EENG 451a / CPSC 456a, Wireless Technologies and the Internet of Things Wenjun Hu
Over the last two decades or so, consumer IoT technologies have evolved from individual analogous devices, to connected devices and then interconnected networks of devices, from data collection to data management, from smart devices to intelligent interfaces. Wireless connectivity is an important driver of IoT technologies. This course aims to weave together fundamental theory of wireless communications, its application to IoT, and the design and implementation of wireless network architectures. The concepts are illustrated using examples such as WiFi and LTE/5G. Particular emphasis is placed on the interplay between concepts and their implementation in real systems. The coursework offers a practical experience, built on lab sessions involving WiFi experiments and simple IoT setups, homework involving Matlab-based analysis, and a student-defined course project that can cater to diverse interests. Students can expect to learn background knowledge of some everyday wireless technologies and how to design systems based on the fundamental communications concepts. Given the nature of these invisible signals, students also gain some experience of dealing with uncertainty in experiments and working towards open-ended goals. Depending on the programming background of the students, we may also explore backend system support in the form of edge or cloud computing. Prerequisites: 1) Introductory courses in mathematics, engineering, or computer science covering basics of the following topics: Linux skills, Matlab programming, probability, linear algebra, and Fourier transform; 2) Or by permission of the instructor. Course material will be self-contained as much as possible. The labs and homework assignments require Linux and Matlab skills and simple statistical and matrix analysis (using built-in Matlab functions). There will be a couple of introductory labs to refresh Linux and Matlab skills if needed.

* EENG 452a, Internet Engineering Leandros Tassiulas
Introduction to basic Internet protocols and architectures. Topics include packet-switch and multi-access networks, routing, flow control, congestion control, Internet protocols (IP, TCP, BGP), the client-server model, IP addressing and the domain name system, wireless access networks, and mobile communications. Prerequisite: a college-level course in mathematics, engineering, or computer science, or with permission of instructor. QR

EENG 454b / AMTH 364b / S&DS 364b, Information Theory Andrew Barron
Foundations of information theory in communications, statistical inference, statistical mechanics, probability, and algorithmic complexity. Quantities of information and their properties: entropy, conditional entropy, divergence, redundancy, mutual information, channel capacity. Basic theorems of data compression, data summarization, and channel coding. Applications in statistics and finance. Aer STAT 241. QR

* EENG 455b, Network Algorithms and Stochastic Optimization Leandros Tassiulas
This course focuses on resource allocation models as well as associated algorithms and design and optimization methodologies that capture the intricacies of complex networking systems in communications computing as well as transportation, manufacturing, and energy systems. Max-weight scheduling, back-pressure routing, wireless opportunistic scheduling, time-varying topology network control, and energy-efficient management are sample topics to be considered, in addition to Lyapunov stability and optimization, stochastic ordering, and notions of fairness in network resource consumption. QR

* EENG 468a and EENG 469b, Advanced Special Projects Mark Reed
Faculty-supervised individual or small-group projects with emphasis on research (laboratory or theory), engineering design, or tutorial study. Students are expected to consult the director of undergraduate studies and appropriate faculty members about ideas and suggestions for suitable topics during the term preceding enrollment. This course may only be taken once and at any appropriate time during the student's career; it does not fulfill the senior requirement. Enrollment requires permission of both the instructor and the DUS, and submission to the latter of a one-to two-page prospectus approved by the instructor. The prospectus is due to the DUS one day prior to the date that the student's course schedule is due.

* EENG 471a and EENG 472b, Senior Advanced Special Projects Mark Reed
Faculty-supervised individual or small-group projects with emphasis on research (laboratory or theory), engineering design, or tutorial study. Students are expected to consult the director of undergraduate studies and appropriate faculty members about ideas and suggestions for suitable topics during the term preceding enrollment. This course is only open to seniors and is one of the courses that fulfills the senior requirement. Enrollment requires permission of both the instructor and the DUS, and submission to the latter of a oneto two-page prospectus approved by the instructor. The prospectus is due to the DUS one day prior to the date that the student's course schedule is due.

EENG 475a / BENG 475a / CPSC 475a, Computational Vision and Biological Perception Steven Zucker
An overview of computational vision with a biological emphasis. Suitable as an introduction to biological perception for computer science and engineering students, as well as an introduction to computational vision for mathematics, psychology, and physiology students. Prerequisite: CPSC 112 and MATH 120, or with permission of instructor. QR, SC RP * EENG 481b, Advanced ABET Projects Roman Kuc Study of the process of designing an electrical device that meets performance specifications, including project initiation and management, part specification, teamwork, design evolution according to real-world constraints, testing, ethics, and communication skills. Design project consists of electronic sensor, computer hardware, and signal analysis components developed by multidisciplinary teams. Prerequisites: EENG 310, 320, 325, and 348. RP