Peppermint Oil

Length Double Bonds Percentage (%) subsidiary cells with a common wall at right angles to the guard cells. Many of the epidermal cells, especially over the 22 1 ≤0.5 veins and midrib, bear nonglandular and glandular hairs. 24 0 0.5–3.0 The nonglandular hairs, also numerous along the margin, are uniseriate with longitudinally striate and papillose cuti• RANCIDITY cle, up to 8 cells in length and tapered to a pointed apex. Sample: 1 mL of a solution (1 in 10) of Oil in ether The glandular hairs occur in two types. The larger of these Analysis: Shake the Sample with 1 mL of hydrochloric acid, are sunken in depressions of the epidermis and consist of a and add 1 mL of a solution (1 in 1000) of phloroglucinol in oneto two-celled stalk and a glandular head of 8 radiating ether. cells beneath the raised cuticle of which volatile oil is seAcceptance criteria: No red or pink color develops. creted. The smaller type of glandular hair consists of a one• FATS AND FIXED OILS, Acid Value 〈401〉: NMT 0.2 to two-celled stalk and a one-celled glandular head con• FATS AND FIXED OILS, Peroxide Value 〈401〉: NMT 5.0 taining volatile oil. Beneath the upper epidermis occurs a • FATS AND FIXED OILS, Unsaponifiable Matter 〈401〉: NMT single layer of palisade parenchyma up to 80 μm in length 1.5% and, directly underneath it, spongy parenchyma of 3 or 4 • WATER DETERMINATION, Method Ic 〈921〉: NMT 0.1%. layers of chloroplastid-containing cells, through which zone • OTHER REQUIREMENTS: For Peanut Oil intended for use in incourse the fibrovascular tissues of the veins. jectable dosage forms, which is specified in the Labeling, the Stem: The stem is quadrangular. It shows a layer of epiderrequirements under Injections 〈1〉, Ingredients, Other Vehicles, mis bearing hairs similar to those of the leaf and possessing must be met. cuticularized outer convex walls, a narrow cortex of ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS chlorenchyma, a clear endodermis of tangentially elon• PACKAGING AND STORAGE: Preserve in tight, light-resistant gated, thin-walled cells with colorless contents, a narrow containers, and prevent exposure to excessive heat. phloem, a cambium, and a xylem broadest in the regions • LABELING: Label it to indicate the name and quantity of any beneath the stem angles and containing narrow woodadded antioxidant. Where Peanut Oil is intended for use in wedges separated by xylem rays one cell in width. The the manufacture of injectable dosage forms, it is so labeled. wood-wedges consist chiefly of simple pitted and spiral vessels, tracheids, and wood-fibers. Beneath each of the four angles of the stem occurs an elliptic to ovate zone of collenchyma. A large pith composed of thin-walled parenchyma occupies the center. Powdered peppermint: Green to light olive green. Shows Pectin—see Pectin General Monographs fragments of leaf epidermis with wavy vertical walls and, if from the lower surface of the leaf, with numerous stomata and glandular and nonglandular hairs, the latter especially numerous along the veins; glandular hairs with a oneto two-celled stalk and oneto eight-celled head, usually set

The nonglandular hairs, also numerous along the margin, are uniseriate with longitudinally striate and papillose cuti-• RANCIDITY cle, up to 8 cells in length and tapered to a pointed apex. Sample: 1 mL of a solution (1 in 10) of Oil in ether The glandular hairs occur in two types. The larger of these Analysis: Shake the Sample with 1 mL of hydrochloric acid, are sunken in depressions of the epidermis and consist of a and add 1 mL of a solution (1 in 1000) of phloroglucinol in one-to two-celled stalk and a glandular head of 8 radiating ether.
cells beneath the raised cuticle of which volatile oil is se-Acceptance criteria: No red or pink color develops.
creted. The smaller type of glandular hair consists of a one-• FATS AND FIXED OILS, Acid Value 〈401〉: NMT 0.2 to two-celled stalk and a one-celled glandular head con- phloem, a cambium, and a xylem broadest in the regions • LABELING: Label it to indicate the name and quantity of any beneath the stem angles and containing narrow woodadded antioxidant. Where Peanut Oil is intended for use in wedges separated by xylem rays one cell in width. The the manufacture of injectable dosage forms, it is so labeled.
wood-wedges consist chiefly of simple pitted and spiral vessels, tracheids, and wood-fibers. Beneath each of the four angles of the stem occurs an elliptic to ovate zone of collenchyma. A large pith composed of thin-walled parenchyma occupies the center. Powdered peppermint: Green to light olive green. Shows

Pectin-see Pectin General Monographs
fragments of leaf epidermis with wavy vertical walls and, if from the lower surface of the leaf, with numerous stomata and glandular and nonglandular hairs, the latter especially numerous along the veins; glandular hairs with a one-to two-celled stalk and one-to eight-celled head, usually set times globular; fragments of chlorenchyma with vascular tissue, the vessels spiral or with simple pits and but slightly SPECIFIC TESTS lignified; fragments of collenchyma and of thin-walled, • ARTICLES OF BOTANICAL ORIGIN, Foreign Organic Matter 〈561〉: nonlignified fibers associated with parenchyma. The pollen NMT 2.0% of stems more than 3 mm in diameter and other grains are spheroidal and smooth. foreign organic matter • BOTANIC CHARACTERISTICS Unground peppermint: Leaves, slender stems, and flowering tops. The leaves are opposite, usually more or less crum-. pled, and frequently detached from the stem. The petiole is

Peppermint Oil
4-15 mm in length, slightly pubescent; the blade, when entire, is ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-9 cm in DEFINITION length with an acute apex, a narrowed or rounded base, Peppermint Oil is the volatile oil distilled with steam from the and a sharply serrate margin; light green to dark green in fresh overground parts of the flowering plant of Mentha color; its upper surface is nearly glabrous, its lower surface piperita Linné (Fam. Labiatae), rectified by distillation and has a few hairs on the veins and many amber-colored glanneither partially nor wholly dementholized. It yields NLT dular hairs. The stem is quadrangular, 1-3 mm in diameter, 5.0% of esters, calculated as menthyl acetate (C12H22O2), and glabrous except for a few scattered deflexed hairs, green to NLT 50.0% of total menthol (C10H20O), free and as esters. dark purple. The flowers occur as a compact, oblong or oval spike of verticillasters, 1-1.5 cm in breadth, rounded at the IDENTIFICATION summit, and in fruit attaining a length of 3-7 cm. The • A. bracts are oblong-lanceolate, 4-7 mm in length; the calyx, Sample: 6 drops of Oil tubular-campanulate, equally five-toothed, pubescent, and Analysis: Place the Sample in a dry test tube and mix with 5 glandular-punctate, green to dark purple; the corolla is gla-mL of a 1-in-300 solution of nitric acid in glacial acetic acid, brous, light purple, tubular-campanulate, four-cleft, 3 mm in and place the tube in a beaker of boiling water. length; stamens, 4, short and equal; style two-or rarely Acceptance criteria: Within 5 min the liquid develops a three-cleft at the summit. The nutlets are ellipsoidal, 500 µm blue color that, on continued heating, deepens and shows a in diameter. Peppermint has an aromatic, characteristic odor copper-colored fluorescence and then fades, leaving a and a pungent taste, and produces a cooling sensation in golden-yellow solution. the mouth. Oil in Purified Water, prepared by one of the processes de-Each mL of 0.5 N alcoholic potassium hydroxide consumed scribed in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms 〈1151〉, Solutions, Wain the saponification is equivalent to 99.15 mg of total esters, Aromatic. ters calculated as C12H22O2. Acceptance criteria: NLT 5.0% of esters, calculated as ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS C12H22O2 • PACKAGING AND STORAGE: Preserve in tight containers.

• TOTAL MENTHOL
Sample: 10 mL of Oil Analysis: Place the Sample in an acetylation flask of 100-mL capacity, and add 10 mL of acetic anhydride and 1 g of anhydrous sodium acetate. Boil the mixture gently for 1 h,